Immunological Factors May Be the Missing Piece in Understanding Unexplained Infertility.
An “overactive”, dysregulated maternal immune system may be hostile towards the embryo leading to pregnancy rejection. Elevated levels and activity of cytotoxic peripheral blood NK cells (pbNK) combined with a shift towards the Th1 proinflammatory response over the favorable Th2 anti-inflammatory response, poses risks for pregnancy and they are linked with reproductive immunopathology such as recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA), idiopathic infertility, and implantation failures in both natural and assisted reproduction attempts.
FERTILYSIS Reproductive Autoimmunity
420€
Blood Draw
No doctor's referral
Peripheral Bbood
Storage & Shipping at ambient temperature
Results in 20 business days
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250€
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A potentially hazardous immunological response during pregnancy is more probable when the mother exhibits elevated levels of pbNK cells, facilitating an immunological attack against the fetus. Heightened pbNK cytotoxicity, combined with a propensity for a Th1 proinflammatory response over the favorable Th2 anti-inflammatory counterpart, poses risks for pregnancy. Elevated concentrations and increased activity of cytotoxic pbNK cells, alongside a dominance of the pro-inflammatory Th1 response, have been linked to reproductive immunopathology, including conditions like recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA), idiopathic infertility, and implantation failure in both natural and assisted reproduction attempts.
The FERTILYSIS Reproductive Autoimmunity panel involves 3 main tests:
The NK cell/Regulatory T-Cell (Tregs) profile
The NK cell cytotoxicity assay
The Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio assay
NK cells (Natural Killer cells) are a type of immune cell that play a role in the body's defense against infections and cancer. However, in the context of fertility and pregnancy, elevated NK cell levels in the peripheral blood and, as a consequence, potentially in the uterus, are considered a risk factor for infertility and recurrent miscarriage. Increased, dysregulated NK cell activity in the uterus both in number and toxicity levels may mistakenly attack the developing embryo as a foreign object. This can result in impaired implantation, early pregnancy loss, or recurrent miscarriages.
The Th1/Th2 ratio relates to the balance between two types of immune cells: Th1 (T-helper 1) and Th2 (T-helper 2) cells. These cells play different roles in the immune system and are involved in regulating immune responses. In the context of infertility, Th1 cells are associated with pro-inflammatory responses and can promote immune reactions that may be detrimental to pregnancy. On the other hand, Th2 cells are associated with anti-inflammatory responses and are involved in promoting tolerance and supporting pregnancy. An imbalance in the Th1/Th2 ratio, with increased Th1 activity and decreased Th2 activity, may create an environment that is less supportive of successful implantation and pregnancy maintenance which may lead to increased inflammation and immune responses that could potentially harm the developing embryo or interfere with implantation.
A potentially hazardous immunological response during pregnancy is more probable when the mother exhibits elevated levels of pbNK cells, facilitating an immunological attack against the fetus. Heightened pbNK cytotoxicity, combined with a propensity for a Th1 proinflammatory response over the favorable Th2 anti-inflammatory counterpart, poses risks for pregnancy. Elevated concentrations and increased activity of cytotoxic pbNK cells, alongside a dominance of the pro-inflammatory Th1 response, have been linked to reproductive immunopathology, including conditions like recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA), idiopathic infertility, and implantation failure in both natural and assisted reproduction attempts.
• When you have a history of recurrent miscarriage and/or chemical pregnancies
• When you and your partner have been diagnosed with “unexplained infertility”
• If you experience primary or secondary infertility, naturally or through IVF with:
At Fertilysis, we specialize in Reproductive Immunology. Based on your results, we can provide personalized recommendations and immunomodulatory treatments to optimize the chances of a successful pregnancy. By understanding the role of the immune system in maternal-fetal tolerance, interventions can be tailored to address specific immunological factors that may impact pregnancy outcomes.
Main Treatments:
Treatment for reproductive immunology problems typically require a healthcare professional specialized or well-versed in reproductive immunology and its specialized therapies. Each detected problem has its own recommended treatment(s) and each treatment is tailored to address specific immune system dysfunctions and optimize fertility outcomes. If you don’t have access to specialized treatment protocols then we will be able to provide protocols for the treatments we consider appropriate based on your Fertilysis results and your medical history following a specialized follow-up, on-line consultation with our specialist. However, even so, you will need to have a local healthcare professional who will be able to help implement and supervised said therapies included in our protocols and prescriptions.
Immunomodulatory therapies:
Infection/Microbiome testing:
Accessory Treatments:
Other treatments to help with reproductive immunology infertility-related problems may include a combination of medical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and dietary adjustments. Some potential treatments and lifestyle adjustments may include:
Dietary adjustments:
Lifestyle modifications:
Supplementation:
Stress reduction techniques:
FERTILYSIS Reproductive Autoimmunity
FERTILYSIS Reproductive FULL
HOW IT WORKS.
Place your order online and get the FERTILYSIS box delivered at your home.
Follow our instructions to collect your samples and ship them back to us for analysis.
Receive your easy to understand results including treatment suggestions in just a few days via email.
Is your infertility really ‘’unexplained’’ or are you still undiagnosed?If you have been struggling with infertility and haven’t been getting convincing answers, chances are you are still missing a piece of the puzzle.
SINGLE TESTS
NK cell/Regulatory T-Cell (Tregs)
NK cell cytotoxicity assay
Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio assay
165€
120€
165€
STILL HAVE QUESTIONS?
These our the most common questions regarding this panel.
If you have more, please refer to our Q&A page.
No. The test requires only female peripheral blood samples as it focuses on the mother's immune system.
Absolutely! Our tests are accessible worldwide, allowing you to conveniently perform them from the comfort of your home, regardless of your location. We ship worldwide!
